Constantly in pain, incontinent of urine and feces, bearing a heavy burden of sadness in discovering their child stillborn, ashamed of a rank personal offensiveness, abandoned therefore by their husbands, outcasts of society, they live, they exist, without friends and without hope.
– Reginald Hamlin & Catherine Nicholson, 1966

Nearly half a century later, that scenario of obstetric fistula continues to haunt the humanity and has been aptly termed ‘the scandal of the century’.

Between 2 and 3 million women, mostly in Africa, are in need of surgical repair with about 130,000 new patients being added annually.

This colossal embarrassment of our male dominated society will not be solved unless we address the root causes of lack of empowerment. In these societies, a woman’s low socioeconomic status and illiteracy often lead to child marriage followed by early pregnancy. The lack of obstetric care causes obstructed labor and ultimately complex injuries to vagina, bladder and rectum. In the worst case maternal death – which needlessly claims one woman a minute.

Unfortunately our developed world with its economic clout is not willing to come up with any significant help to emancipate the young women of the developing world with education and empowerment, nor with help in providing effective systems of maternal health care. Thus safe motherhood has largely become an orphan initiative.

Historically however we owe it to the African women for our knowledge and surgical technical developments in repairing these injuries. These surgeries were mostly initiated in the US through painful and degrading experiments on the enslaved women in the antebellum south in the 19th century. Those slaves from Africa sacrificed their dignity in muted agony without consent to the extremely painful experiments enforced upon them without anesthesia by racist white physicians and slave owners.

And now after centuries, our complacency in extending any helping hand to the African women is unacceptable and disgraceful.

Watch a webcast of my presentation Vesico-vaginal Fistula Management: A Tribute to Anarcha, Betsy, Lucy and the Hamlins at the 4th International Congress on the History of Urology.

– Sakti Das, 2009.

  • Comment & Share! Use the links to leave your comments/thoughts and share this with others. You can also contact me using the ‘Contact’ links.

MORE INFO & RESOURCES…

“A Walk to Beautiful” – Emmy Award winning feature-length documentary tells the stories of five Ethiopian women who suffer from devastating childbirth injuries and embark on a journey to reclaim their lost dignity. Rejected by their husbands and ostracized by their communities, these women are left to spend the rest of their lives in loneliness and shame. They make the choice to take the long and arduous journey to the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in search of a cure and a new life. [PBS/Nova]

LINKS

35 thoughts on “My Painful Musings on the Suffering of the African Woman from Obstetric Fistula”

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    Given the popularity of Anavar, a rival chopping steroid, that is indicative of Winstrol’s
    anabolism. Testosterone can both have good results and raise LDL cholesterol levels.
    Anavar helps with fat loss and rising power due to its DHT properties.

    Current prescription guidelines in the United States by the medical establishment
    name for the very same Anavar dosing protocol as originally described over three
    many years ago. To keep away from unwanted aspect effects like liver toxicity, hair loss,
    acne, and virilization in ladies, follow recommended dosages and cycle lengths.

    Do not enhance your dose or use this drug extra often or for longer than prescribed.

    When an anabolic steroid is misused or abused, you may have withdrawal signs (such as depression, irritability, tiredness)
    if you abruptly cease using the drug. The beneficial Anavar dosage for powerlifters is between 20 to 80mg per day,
    depending on experience level, targets, and body weight.

    It is advisable to start with a lower dose and gradually improve it to the
    desired level to allow the physique to adapt to the consequences of the
    drug. Anavar, also called Oxandrolone, is a well-liked alternative among athletes and bodybuilders because of its mild nature and potential advantages in enhancing muscle definition,
    strength, and performance.
    Nonetheless, these unwanted aspect effects are typically
    minimal at decrease doses and may often be alleviated by taking Anavar with food.
    For endurance athletes, a lower Anavar dosage of round 20mg to 40mg per day could also be adequate.
    This dosage can improve stamina and endurance without considerably
    impacting weight or inflicting undesirable side
    effects. It can also be essential to notice that Anavar should not be used for greater
    than eight weeks constantly.

    References:

    Crazybulk legal steroids, huntsrecruitment.devwithasad.com,

  34. Though a Winstrol-only cycle is not a typical choice for male users, PCT is still required when you
    do go this route. A quality phase of Clomid PCT following a Winstrol cycle is, subsequently, crucial.
    No specific time of day is taken into account best for taking Winstrol, and it will range in accordance with your
    training or performance schedule. With a half-life of around 9 hours,
    oral Winstrol does not need to split the dosage into a number of day by day
    doses like other steroids. Simply like testosterone,
    ladies additionally naturally have very low levels of DHT,
    but never sufficient that it would trigger the development of masculine bodily
    traits.
    Customers can count on to sculpt and outline their physique during this cycle, as the compound works to intensify vascularity and pump
    up endurance ranges, enabling more durable and longer exercises.
    Winstrol is not usually beneficial for females, as they can be susceptible to virilization results from this drug.
    However, in small and cautious dosages, we’ve seen females expertise
    high-quality outcomes with minimal antagonistic
    effects.
    These two are well-known steroids, widely used to enhance performance, facilitate fats
    loss, and help in muscle definition, usually during slicing cycles.
    Both are acknowledged pillars in a field where power, power, and aesthetically pleasing physiques are
    extremely sought. Winstrol is known for its ability
    to provide dry, lean positive aspects in muscle mass.

    Anavar might help restore muscle damage via training
    and allow most of these athletes to coach tougher,
    and more regularly. It may help repair muscle harm after a player receives and impression injury i.e.
    from a body examine, fall or fast paced collision. It’s
    advised not to increase the dose too dramatically whilst on a cycle.
    That means after the primary week (30mg per day) you’ll go upto 40mg for the second week and then 50mg for the third week.
    For males who’re new to Anavar it’s advised to take 30mg
    a day for the first week. Relying in your results and the way you
    are feeling you can then begin to improve the
    dosage for the subsequent couple of weeks. If you’re worried about your testosterone levels, then get them checked out by your physician earlier than taking any steroids and make-sure you go for normal verify ups to extra
    cautious.
    This way, the risk of unwanted side effects is minimized and
    you’ll see how your body responds to the steroids.

    If you are contemplating stacking Anavar and Primobolan, you will need to first
    consult with a healthcare skilled and a knowledgeable steroid coach or trainer.
    They may help you establish the appropriate dosage, cycle length, and monitoring protocol to make sure the safest and best
    use of these steroids. Anavar, also recognized as Oxandrolone, is an anabolic steroid that is derived from
    dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It was first developed within the Sixties to assist promote weight
    achieve in sufferers who had lost weight due to surgery, chronic infections, or
    trauma. Primo is available in each oral and injectable types and is taken into account to
    be a mild steroid with low androgenic and estrogenic exercise.

    Primobolan was initially developed within the Nineteen Sixties for medical purposes such as treating muscle losing
    and osteoporosis.
    Ladies are more probably to construct extra muscle than men when taking Anavar, due to females having decrease testosterone levels.
    Thus, when Anavar administers of their system it’s extra prone to shock their muscular tissues
    into growth, as a outcome of this sudden surge of
    exogenous testosterone. Nonetheless, this compound
    won’t produce the massive bulking positive aspects that come with stronger mass gaining
    steroids corresponding to Anadrol or Dianabol. However, this isn’t to
    say that Anavar won’t ever trigger unwanted effects. In research, Anavar does have the
    flexibility to suppress natural testosterone ranges; although this modest discount will later reverse, with levels recovering post-cycle.

    Some individuals use strong medicines called steroids, but
    they can be risky and have unhealthy side effects. In this text, we will evaluate Winstrol vs Anavar and explain how they work, their advantages,and which one may be greatest in your goals.

    Many other international locations do not have such stringent laws; plenty of nations
    legally allow the use and even the open sale of Turinabol.
    Thailand is one such location, and it’s quite frequent for folks to travel
    to nations like Thailand, where steroids are more readily available
    for buy.
    However, dying through liver cirrhosis is possible if Primobolan is taken in excessive dosages, for
    excessive periods, or given to debilitating individuals.
    Primobolan is considered one of the most secure steroids
    men or women can use; however, it’s not free from unwanted effects.
    “5 mg of anavar is roughly the equivalent of 25mg of anadrol for threat of virilization”.

    Veins which are notably prominent can often resemble a street map on a person’s physique.

    1) get stronger or 2) enhance cell swelling (also generally
    known as hypertrophy training i.e. pumping up the muscles).
    Circulating testosterone because the hormonal foundation of sex differences in athletic performance.

    Furthermore, if a person has experienced gynecomastia, this is
    a sign that the substance is Dianabol (42). These
    are some of the points bodybuilders who go to
    our clinic face when buying UGL Anavar. Equally, utilizing Anavar all year round on a lower dose compared to administering a higher dose in the brief term, the individual is less more doubtless to notice outcomes.

    This is undoubtedly a big profit that Primo has over Winstrol.
    Primo can also be thought of much less dangerous to ldl
    cholesterol well being compared to Winstrol.
    To add to this, Winstrol’s reputation for causing typically very extreme joint pain is not a recognized problem with Primobolan.
    It is identified as one of many extra suppressive
    steroids, although not the worst by any means. Beginning PCT
    after a Winstrol-only cycle is really helpful within about
    12 hours of the tip of the cycle because of the short half-life of this steroid.
    You will aim to reverse the results of the other steroids, somewhat than Winstrol, during your PCT cycle.
    Your power might be each maintained and enhanced even on a strict food plan. Winny will add that good granular look that you miss out on when using Anavar alone.
    Winstrol is well-known for its performance-enhancement advantages, which is why it’s been used by some
    of the finest athletes on the planet up to now. In these
    instances, athletes are not taking Winstrol to enhance their physical look – it is purely about getting probably the most power and pace.

    Newbies, for example, may need to begin with 10 mg per day and
    steadily improve the dosage by 5 mg each two weeks. Comparable to Anavar,
    Winstrol doesn’t aromatize; consequently, striations and
    muscle definition will turn out to be extra outstanding, as nicely as vascularity.
    This is a consequence of the depletion of extracellular water retention, which is the fluid
    that accumulates between the dermis and muscle.
    Winstrol outcomes, actually, any anabolic steroid results,
    could be noticeable, and very notable over several cycles should you really push
    your self. Let’s now discuss you through the Winstrol side effects, each short
    and long-term. The side effects will also apply to using Anavar, or any other illegal anabolic steroid.
    Thus, bodybuilders under our care report greater total fat
    loss on Anavar (vs. Turinabol), especially in the midsection, because of
    a lower in visceral fats.

    References:

    t ball steroid – git.indata.top,

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